Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the common conditions, mostly caused by diseases of the digestive tract itself.
In addition, there are four other causes of GI bleeding. Recently, the official WeChat of 120 Beijing Emergency Center issued an article saying that one should be alert to the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding if there are the following patients in the family
Gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by diseases in the adjacent organs of the digestive tract, such as inflammation or tumors of the pancreas and bile; a few of them are caused by systemic diseases, such as certain blood diseases, replete anemia, hemophilia, etc.; chronic kidney disease with uremia, heart disease combined with severe heart failure, brain hemorrhage, encephalitis, etc.; certain drugs can also cause bleeding due to digestive tract operations, such as aspirin, adrenocorticosteroids, etc.
The clinical manifestations of GI bleeding are vomiting blood and blood in the stool. The blood vomited may be bright red or coffee-colored; the blood in the stool may be bright red or dark red, or tarry black.
120 tips, first aid measures in the event of gastrointestinal bleeding include: immediately call the 120 emergency number, wait until the rescue period, the patient should be comforted to lie still, eliminate their nervousness, pay attention to keep the patient warm, and ask him to keep lying on his side, take the head low foot high position, to prevent asphyxiation caused by violent vomiting.
At the same time, retain vomit. The patient’s vomit or stool should be temporarily preserved, a rough estimate of the total amount, and some specimens should be kept for laboratory testing when seeking medical attention.
120 also reminds to move the patient less and forbid the patient to walk around, while closely observing the patient’s consciousness, breathing and pulse, keeping in touch with emergency personnel at all times, and following the command of emergency personnel.
In terms of nursing care, close observation and judgment of the condition should be done in a timely, meticulous and accurate manner by observing and recording vital signs: consciousness, pupils, amount, color, nature and frequency of vomiting and blood in stool, especially close observation of blood pressure changes and urine volume; for patients in shock, attention should be paid to limb temperature, humidity, skin and nail bed color and peripheral venous filling, and observation and recording of hourly urine volume to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
In terms of diet, patients with shock, acute hemorrhage with nausea, vomiting and ruptured esophageal varices should be fasted; for those who have small amount of bleeding without vomiting and no activity symptoms, they can eat warm, cool, light and non-irritating liquid diet.
The temperature of liquid diet should not be too hot, then gradually change to semi-liquid diet, soft food, choose nutritious and easy to digest food, start to eat less and more meals, then change to normal diet, do not eat raw vegetables, coarse fiber vegetables, stimulating food, hard food, drinks, such as thick juice chicken soup, broth, strong tea, coffee, etc. The eating process should be chewed and swallowed slowly to avoid rebleeding such as damage to the mucosa.
120 tips, patients with gastrointestinal bleeding application of hemostatic drugs, need to understand the role of drugs, adverse reactions and precautions when using drugs, observation should be timely, such as abdominal pain, increased blood pressure, arrhythmia, angina pectoris and other serious adverse reactions, should be promptly reported to the doctor to deal with. In case of adverse reactions to medication at home, call 120 emergency number for help.
