For eye trauma, the right first aid measures can protect the window of our hearts, while the wrong first aid methods will only aggravate the injury, delay the disease, and even lead to blindness and lifelong disability.
Recently, 120 Beijing Emergency Medical Center WeChat public number issued an article introducing that eye trauma can be divided into mild, medium and severe. Minor injuries include eyelid abrasions and bruises, subconjunctival hemorrhage, foreign bodies on the conjunctiva and corneal surface, corneal epithelial abrasions, eyelid Ⅰ degree thermal burns, irritating gas injuries, electrophotographic uveitis, etc.; moderate injuries include eyelid and tear duct lacerations, eyelid Ⅱ degree thermal burns, bulbar conjunctival tears, superficial corneal foreign bodies, etc.; serious injuries include extensive eyelid lacerations, eyelid Ⅲ degree burns, ocular penetrating injuries, intraorbital foreign bodies, blunt contusions of the eye with intraocular hemorrhage, chemical injury to the eye of degree II or higher, radiation injury, orbital bone fracture, etc.
120 tips, after the occurrence of ocular trauma, the injured person and the rescuer should first identify the site, nature and degree of injury, and then give appropriate treatment according to different situations.
Corneal foreign body
Dust, sand, small insects, metal fragments and wood chips are caused by entering the eye, showing obvious foreign body sensation, stinging pain, photophobia, lacrimation and other typical symptoms.
Proper treatment.
Do not rub your eyes with your hands. Close the eyes quietly first, and transient several times when there are more tears or after dropping eye drops, the foreign body may be flushed out of the eye with tears or eye drops. If the symptoms do not disappear, send the foreign body to the hospital ophthalmology department urgently to remove the foreign body.
Wrong treatment.
1, rubbing the eye vigorously with the hand because of pain, trying to rub the foreign body out, but aggravate the corneal damage.
2, using the mouth to blow the injured eye, not only can not blow the foreign body, but also aggravate the infection.
3, using unclean tissues, handkerchiefs, etc. to wipe, in an attempt to wipe the foreign body off the cornea, which may aggravate corneal damage, leading to deepening infection and even the development of septic corneal ulcers.
4, delayed visits to the doctor, resulting in rust spots on the cornea or the appearance of infection.
Eye chemical burns
The eye is burned by acid, alkali and other chemical liquids.
Proper treatment.
Flush the eye with clean water (an eyewash faucet is better, hold the eyelid open with your fingers and flush for at least 10-15 minutes while repeatedly opening and closing the injured eye and rotating the eye as much as possible. Flush to dilute the concentration of the chemical and send to hospital immediately after flushing.
Wrong treatment.
Not rinsing immediately and just waiting for the ambulance to come, or going directly to the hospital and waiting for the doctor to deal with it. Resulting in irreversible consequences of chemical burns to the eye.
Soft tissue contusion around the eye
Mostly blunt blows to the periorbital area, soft tissue swelling without rupture, but subcutaneous bruising and bruising, is called contusion.
Proper treatment.
Immediately apply cold compresses locally with ice packs or cool hand towels, which can be changed to hot compresses after 24 hours to promote the absorption of local bruising.
Wrong treatment.
Immediately after the injury, press and rub the injury, or use hot compresses to aggravate the subcutaneous hematoma.
Soft tissue laceration around the eye
Only the external skin of the eye is ruptured and the eye is not damaged.
Correct treatment.
Care must be taken to keep the wound clean, just dress it with a clean dressing, and send it to the hospital ophthalmology department for debridement and suturing as soon as possible to reduce the chance of bleeding down a larger scar later.
Incorrect treatment.
Wiping and covering the wound with dirty hands or unclean cloth; casually using hemostatic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs or applying with toothpaste, etc. will affect the doctor’s treatment of the wound. Some people even use incense ash, pot ashes on the wound to stop bleeding, which can aggravate the infection and even lead to tetanus.
Eye contusion
The eye is injured by blunt force strikes to the eyelid, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea and lens, as well as the retina and optic nerve at the back of the eye, or there are orbital bone fractures. There is usually an abnormality of vision.
Proper treatment.
After gently covering the eye with clean gauze or handkerchief, go to the hospital promptly for treatment.
Incorrect treatment.
Some blunt contusions of the eye do not appear to be abnormal on the outside, but are easily misdiagnosed, affecting later visual acuity and pathological changes in the visual field, and even causing traumatic glaucoma, macular hemorrhage and other lesions, which have the greatest impact on visual acuity. It is very important to seek medical treatment in time.
Eye rupture injury
The injured person feels a “hot tear” coming out of the eye, followed by blurred vision and pain.
Proper treatment.
It is strictly forbidden to flush the injured eye with water or apply any medication, just cover the injured eye with a clean dressing and wrap it gently with a bandage, no pressure is allowed. The purpose of the bandage is only to limit eye movement and friction to aggravate the injury, and to reduce the stimulation of the injured eye by light. All ocular trauma requires a double eye bandage and rapid transport to the hospital for resuscitation.
Mistreatment.
- rinsing on the spot, resulting in drainage of eye contents or increased contamination;
2, bandage pressure is too large, a large amount of intraocular tissue from the wound off the eye, aggravating the damage to the eye.
Ocular penetrating injury
The penetrating injury of the eye is caused by a sharp instrument sticking into the eye.
Proper treatment.
Cover the injured eye with a clean dressing and then send it to the hospital for resuscitation. Minimize breath-holding and bumps to reduce gushing of ocular contents.
Wrong treatment.
1、For the foreign body inserted into the eye is eager to hard pull out;
2、Pushing back the eye contents such as a cloud of black uvea or jelly-like vitreous humor emerging from the wound into the eye without permission, causing infection.
3, one eye trauma delayed treatment, but also affect the good eye, the original good eye is not injured inflammation, medical known as sympathetic ophthalmia, resulting in an injury to both eyes blindness.
